Social Science: Definition, Why it Is Important, Careers, and More!

Social science is a diverse academic field that focuses on understanding people, societies, and the systems that shape our world. From economics and psychology to politics and law, social sciences help explain human behavior and provide insights into the challenges we face as individuals and communities.

If you are considering a degree that combines critical thinking, research, and real-world impact, this field may be the right path for you. Read on to explore social science, meaning core subjects, career opportunities you can pursue in this field, and more. 

What Is Social Science?

As a whole, social science is the study of society and human behavior. It uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore how people interact with one another, how institutions function, and how cultural, political, and economic systems evolve over time.

To define social science more clearly: it is a branch of academic study focused on understanding human actions, relationships, and social structures. This includes examining everything from voting patterns and migration trends to mental health, education, and global development.

Social science courses often address questions such as:

• What drives human decision-making?

• How do social policies affect different communities?

• Why do some economies grow faster than others?

• What role does culture play in shaping individual identity?

Through research and analysis, social scientists offer new perspectives on complex issues, contributing to meaningful changes in public policy, education, health care, and more. Now that we’ve answered “what is social science?”, let’s take a closer look at how it contributes to society and culture.

Why Is Social Science Important?

Social science plays a vital role in helping governments, businesses, and organizations make informed decisions. By studying human behavior and societal trends, social scientists identify patterns, predict outcomes, and design solutions for real-world problems.

Here are a few reasons why social science is essential:

• Promotes informed decision-making — Policymakers and leaders use social science research to guide economic policy, education reform, and public health strategies.

• Supports inclusive and equitable societies — Social scientists help address global issues such as poverty, inequality, mental health, and access to education.

• Encourages cultural understanding — By exploring how people around the world live and communicate, the social sciences promote greater awareness and appreciation of global diversity.

• Drives innovation and social progress — Social science research contributes new ideas, technologies, and solutions that benefit both local and global communities.

Now you know how to define social science, meaning you’ll have a better understanding of what you’ll study should you pursue this field at university. With such a wide-reaching impact, social science degree programs usually offer a wide range of academic concentrations. Let’s explore several of the core social science subjects available at US universities and colleges.

Main Social Science Subjects

The field of social science includes several disciplines that explore different aspects of society and human interaction. Each of the social science subjects provides unique tools and perspectives for analyzing how individuals and communities function.

Popular social science subjects include:

Anthropology

Anthropology studies human cultures, languages, and societies both of the past and the present. It combines research methods from history, biology, and linguistics.

Economics

Economics analyzes the production and distribution of goods and services, including how individuals, businesses, and governments make financial decisions.

Education Studies

Education Studies analyzes how people learn and how education systems impact societies. It covers learning theory, curriculum design, and educational policy.

History

History investigates past events, helping students understand how historical developments influence modern society and international relations.

Human Geography

Human Geography explores how people interact with their environments, including urban development, migration, and globalization.

Law

Law examines legal systems, civil rights, and justice through a social and political lens. It provides context for how laws shape and reflect society.

Linguistics

Linguistics is the study of language, its structure, evolution, and social role. It connects language with identity and communication.

Political Science

Political Science examines political institutions, governmental systems, international relations, and public policy.

Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and human behavior. Students learn about cognition, emotion, mental health, and social interaction.

Sociology

Sociology focuses on how societies function. Students explore topics like family, gender, education, class, race, and social inequality.

Now that we have taken a look at the most common subjects within the field of social science, the next step is to understand where you can pursue a social science degree as an international student.

Where to Study Social Science?

The US is home to many of the world’s top-ranked universities offering degrees in the social sciences. For international students, US universities offer flexible academic structures, research opportunities, and career-focused learning environments.

Florida International University

Florida International University, ranked #309 in Best Universities for Social Sciences and Public Health by U.S. News & World Report, offers a globally focused education to international students. Located in Miami, the university’s social science programs include majors in sociology and anthropology, international relations, political science, economics, and psychology. Students benefit from the university’s strong focus on applied learning through internships, research projects, and leadership opportunities in a welcoming, student-centered environment.

University of Illinois Chicago

Ranked #175 in Best Universities for Social Sciences and Public Health by U.S. News & World Report, the University of Illinois Chicago offers a wide range of social science degrees in sociology, psychology, political science, gender studies, and history, allowing students to tailor their studies to specific interests or career goals. Located in the heart of Chicago, UIC provides students with access to real-world learning through internships, community partnerships, and research opportunities within one of the most vibrant cities in the US.

University of the Pacific

Ranked #44 in Best Value Schools by U.S. News & World Report, the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California, offers a Bachelor of Arts in Social Science that prepares students for careers in education, government, nonprofit work, and more. The program emphasizes interdisciplinary learning, drawing from history, political science, sociology, and economics. With small class sizes and strong faculty mentorship, the university encourages students to take advantage of the school’s amazing location, with access to internships and professional opportunities in nearby Sacramento and San Francisco.

University of Utah

Ranked #136 (tie) in Best Universities for Social Sciences and Public Health by U.S. News & World Report, the University of Utah in Salt Lake City offers a strong foundation in interdisciplinary learning across a range of social science courses. Available majors include psychology, economics, sociology, political science, anthropology, and health, society, and policy. The university is known for its faculty-led research, innovative curriculum, and connection to public institutions and area nonprofit organizations, making it an ideal setting for students interested in combining academic study with professional development.

A degree in social science also leads to a variety of meaningful and rewarding career opportunities. Let’s take a look at the wide range of career pathways you could take as a social science graduate. 

Social Science Careers and Work Opportunities

Whether you are interested in government, business, education, or nonprofit work, social science equips you with the critical thinking, communication, and problem-solving skills that employers value across industries.

Graduates often go on to roles in public policy, international development, research, mental health services, education, and more, with career paths being found in both the public and private sectors as well as in nongovernmental organizations and academic institutions.

Here are several possible social science careers you could pursue, along with an estimate of their potential annual earnings in the US, Brazil, China, and India:

Source: Salary Expert, 2025

Study at the Best-Ranked US Schools with Shorelight’s Help!

As the world becomes increasingly interconnected and complex, the need for professionals who understand human behavior, societal structures, and global systems continues to grow. A degree in social science equips you with essential analytical and communication skills while also preparing you to make a real impact.

Many social science graduates choose to continue their studies in fields such as law, public health, international relations, or social work, deepening their expertise and expanding their career options. Across a wide range of academic and professional fields, a background in social science provides a strong foundation for understanding and improving the world around you.

If you are ready to pursue a degree that combines academic excellence with global relevance, Shorelight is ready to help. With personalized guidance, our expert advisors will help you explore top social science programs in the US, complete your application, and plan your academic journey to the US. Take the first step today!

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