What Is IT? A Guide to Information Technology for International Students

With the information technology (IT) industry expected to generate a market volume of nearly $2 trillion (USD) by 2030, studying IT opens doors to lucrative career opportunities while giving students the chance to directly contribute to shaping the future. From the way we communicate to the way businesses operate, IT is at the core of almost every industry, including health care, engineering, finance, and more. 

Read on to learn more about what is information technology, the benefits of pursuing a degree related to the IT sector, potential professional pathways, and more.

What Is Information Technology?

Information technology is the use of computers, networks, software, and systems to process, store, and share information. IT is an essential component of every industry, making it possible for people and organizations to communicate, manage data, and operate more efficiently, and is an industry that is always growing and evolving. From mobile apps and cloud storage to cyber security and artificial intelligence, IT covers a wide range of tools and solutions used across a variety of fields and activities. 

IT Definition

The full form of IT refers to information technology. Its application in day-to-day operations enables businesses and governments to solve real-world problems efficiently, while using IT tools to design processes to improve business functions for the future.

IT covers many activities — from managing computer networks and databases to ensuring cyber security and supporting cloud-based services. It is the backbone of modern businesses, education systems, health care, and governmental organizations. In other words, whenever technology is used to handle information in an efficient and secure way, it can be considered information technology.

Why Is Information Technology Important?

For international students, studying IT means stepping into one of the fastest-growing fields in the world. Employers across finance, health care, education, and government sectors are constantly seeking skilled IT professionals as the field continues to expand with all-new advancements. With an IT degree, you can develop the technical knowledge you need to start your career while also building key problem-solving and analytical skills that will help you thrive.

IT has become a global focus — in nearly every role across most industries, having digital skills allows you to stand out to employers and bring additional expertise to your career. By pursuing a degree in IT, students can access high-demand jobs, opportunities for innovation, and even pathways to entrepreneurship.

Professionals in the IT sector work on designing, developing, and maintaining these systems to keep businesses, governments, and communities connected and running smoothly. Whether it is securing sensitive information, improving online services, or building new digital products, IT plays a vital role in how the world works today — and how it will evolve tomorrow.

Types of IT

Information technology is a broad term used to cover many subdisciplines, specializations, and areas of technology. Hardware components, networking infrastructure, data management platforms and tools, and many other tech-related products and services used today also can be classified as IT. Let’s take a closer look at the types of IT for a better understanding of the subject.

• Artificial intelligence and machine learning — Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the use of technology to make machines perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as understanding language, recognizing images, or making decisions. Machine learning (ML) is a part of AI that allows systems to learn from data and improve over time without being directly programmed.

• Cloud computing — Cloud computing enables storage and accessibility of databases, software, and servers over the internet instead of relying on only computers or hardware. It allows businesses and individuals to access files and applications anytime, anywhere, without needing physical storage devices. Popular examples include Google Drive and Dropbox.

• Cyber security — Cyber security is the practice of protecting computers, networks, and data from unauthorized access, attacks, or damage. It ensures that sensitive information like personal details, business data, or financial records stays safe from hackers and cyber threats.

• Data analytics and business intelligence — Data analytics is the process of examining data to find patterns, trends, and insights that help organizations make better decisions. Business intelligence (BI) departments use this data to create reports, dashboards, and visualizations that guide businesses in day-to-day operations and strategic decision making.

• Internet of things — The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to everyday devices that connect to the internet so they can collect, share, and act on data. This includes smart home devices, wearable fitness trackers, industrial sensors, and even connected cars!

• Internet and web technologies — This focuses on how websites and online platforms are created and used. It includes building and designing websites, developing apps, and using tools like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to facilitate online services such as ecommerce, social media, and other digital services. 

IT has enabled tech professionals to innovate and build unique, out-of-the-box products and services that benefit users. Students planning on studying IT can pursue a wide range of careers in a variety of industries and access multiple learning and career growth opportunities, along with rewarding salaries.

IT Professionals, Career, and Important Skills

Degree programs in the US prepare students for lucrative IT careers by equipping them with both technical expertise and essential soft skills like communication, teamwork, problem-solving, and critical thinking. Students graduate ready to learn on the job, a key indicator for future success. Here is what graduates can expect as IT professionals, including popular roles, salary expectations, and the skills employers are looking for in new hires.

What Can IT Professionals Work With?

IT professionals work with a wide range of technologies, tools, and systems to solve problems and improve operations. This includes:

• Computers and hardware — Designing, maintaining, and troubleshooting devices like laptops and servers.

• Cyber security tools — Protecting systems, networks, and sensitive data from cyber threats.

• Databases and data systems — Organizing, analyzing, and securing information, along with building data visualizations and interpretation tools for better business decision-making.

• Emerging technologies — Developing solutions for existing systems and networks, while also using AI and machine learning to innovate and provide unique business solutions.

• Network infrastructure — Setting up and managing internet connections, cloud systems, and communication networks.

• Software applications — Developing programs, apps, and other digital platforms.

Common IT Career Choices in 2025

Here are several top-ranked IT jobs with their median annual salary:

Source: U.S. News & World Report

Important IT Skills

To succeed in the IT field, professionals need a mix of technical and soft skills. Some of the most important skills include:

• Adaptability and continuous learning — Staying up to date with new technologies, trends, and tools.

• Communication and teamwork — Explaining technical ideas clearly and collaborating with diverse teams.

• Database management — Organizing, analyzing, and securing data using SQL, MongoDB, or similar tools.

• Networking and cloud skills — Understanding how networks operate and how to manage cloud-based systems.

• Problem-solving and analytical thinking — Identifying issues and finding effective, efficient solutions to problems, while also remaining proactive and embedding preventative measures within systems and networks.

• Programming and coding — Keeping up to date with relevant languages like Python, Java, C++, or JavaScript to develop software and applications.

Benefits of Working in IT

Professionals in the IT field get opportunities to work on cutting-edge technologies, solve real-world problems, and contribute to innovations that shape how we live and work. Here are four key benefits of pursuing a career in IT:

• Job opportunities — IT professionals are needed in almost every industry, from health care and finance to education and government, ensuring strong career prospects. Analysts expect around 356,700 job openings each year in the computer and information technology sector.

• Competitive salaries — Skilled IT workers often earn attractive salaries, reflecting the value of their expertise and experience. IT roles like information security experts, software architects, software engineers, cloud engineers, and data scientists earn some of the highest salaries in the world.

• Career growth — The IT field offers opportunities to specialize, take on leadership roles, or transition into emerging and rapidly growing technologies like AI, cyber security, and cloud computing. Graduates can apply for roles in multiple industries and gain work experience in a variety of roles due to the versatile skills offered in an IT degree program.

• Innovation and experiential opportunities — Working in IT allows professionals to create solutions that improve lives, streamline business operations, and drive technological progress globally. Many jobs offer employees the chance to work with industry experts in specialized tech projects, and provide cutting-edge equipment for developments and research that enable IT professionals to enhance their work portfolio.

Difference Between IT and Computer Science

While IT and computer science (CS) are closely related, they focus on two different areas. Computer science emphasizes theory, algorithms, design, and understanding how computers work, whereas IT focuses more on the practical application of technologies in providing technical support, managing networks, and protecting data to ensure organizations run smoothly.

Computer science is more theoretical and innovation-driven, diving deep into topics like programming, data structures, artificial intelligence, and the science behind computing itself.

IT is more focused on the implementation of technologies, covering areas such as networking, databases, cyber security, and cloud services, with a focus on practical solutions rather than theory.

Computer science builds the technology, while information technology applies and manages technology. Both fields are essential and offer a wide range of career paths to choose from — with many transferable and interconnected skills — depending on your interests and career plans.

How to Get Started in IT in 2025

Pursuing an IT degree, gaining practical experience, and keeping up with industry trends can help students build a strong foundation for long-term success. You can begin your career in IT by taking the following steps:

Step 1 — Choosing the right degree is the first step in getting started. Consider enrolling in a bachelor’s or associate degree in IT, cyber security, data science, management information systems, or software engineering. Focus on programs that balance technical skills with practical experience, while also keeping your personal career goals in mind.

Step 2 — Learn key technical skills in programming, databases, networking, cyber security, cloud computing, and emerging technologies like AI and IoT, depending on the IT roles that interest you. 

Step 3 — Develop your soft skills, including communication, teamwork, problem-solving, and adaptability. Soft skills are crucial to thrive in IT roles.

Step 4 — Gain hands-on experience by participating in internships, projects, hackathons, or part-time jobs to apply your skills in real-world scenarios. Keep an eye out for opportunities at your university and neighboring schools, while also keeping in touch with your professors and school counselors for any opportunities that arise.

Step 5 — Staying updated is a crucial skill in remaining competitive and offering your best skills to your job role. IT is constantly evolving, so following industry trends, taking online courses, and earning certifications can help you succeed.

By following these steps, students can confidently enter the IT field, prepared for high-demand roles and exciting career opportunities. With so many industries requiring IT professionals, graduates may have to consider building career development plans and identifying their academic and professional interests to plan for which types of jobs they would like to apply for after graduation.

IT and Its Role in Different Sectors

Most businesses are now incorporating IT in their operations to benefit from higher productivity, lower costs, and overall better decision making. Here’s how IT is used within critical industries, for better customer service and product offerings.

• Health care — IT supports hospitals and medical institutions to maintain electronic health records, telemedicine, and AI-powered diagnostics, making health care more efficient and accessible.

• Education — Online learning platforms, digital classrooms, and e-libraries are powered by IT, helping students and teachers connect worldwide.

• Finance —  IT enables secure online banking, mobile payments, fraud detection, and automated trading systems. IT is also embedded within the day-to-day operations of financial institutions to maintain customer records and for strategic business decision making.

• Business and ecommerce — From managing supply chains to running online stores, IT streamlines operations and improves customer experiences by enabling faster and more accurate order processing through automation, gathering market data, and data analytics.

• Government — IT enhances public services through digital governance, smart cities, and secure data management. Through IT, governments can increase the efficiency of services delivered through digital platforms, apps, and by maintaining accurate past and future digital records of citizens.

• Entertainment and media — Streaming services, gaming platforms, and social media rely heavily on IT infrastructure. Through IT tools such as AI and machine learning, the entertainment industry offers personalized content discovery, interactive engagement between users and creators, targeted advertising, and more.

For international students considering a degree in IT, there are several key factors to consider: the type of IT field that’s a good fit for your future career, which major best aligns with your intended profession, degree timelines, experiential learning opportunities, and more. With the support of Shorelight’s expert counselors, you can get personalized assistance so you can enroll in the right program and graduate ready to pursue IT roles in any industry. From matching a school that fits your criteria, visa assistance, interview prep tips, and orientation support, Shorelight offers a variety of support services to ensure you have all the resources you need to begin your journey in IT.

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